rushlink/handlers.go

package main

//go:generate go get github.com/go-bindata/go-bindata
//go:generate go get -u github.com/go-bindata/go-bindata/...
//go:generate go-bindata -pkg $GOPACKAGE assets/

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"time"

	gobmarsh "gitea.hashru.nl/dsprenkels/rushlink/gobmarsh"

	mux "github.com/gorilla/mux"
	errors "github.com/pkg/errors"

	bolt "go.etcd.io/bbolt"
)

type StoredURLState int

type StoredURL struct {
	State       StoredURLState
	RawURL      string
	Key         []byte
	TimeCreated time.Time
}

const (
	Present StoredURLState = iota
	Deleted
)

var base64Alphabet = []byte("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_")
var indexContents = MustAsset("assets/index.txt")

func indexGetHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	_, err := w.Write(indexContents)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

func indexPostHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if err := r.ParseMultipartForm(50 * 1000 * 1000); err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Internal server error: %v", err)
		return
	}

	// Determine what kind of post this is, currently only `shorten=...`
	if len(r.PostForm) == 0 {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		var buf []byte
		r.Body.Read(buf)
		io.WriteString(w, "empty body in POST request")
		return
	}
	shorten_values, prs := r.PostForm["shorten"]
	if !prs {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		io.WriteString(w, "no 'shorten' param supplied")
		return
	}
	if len(shorten_values) != 1 {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		io.WriteString(w, "only one 'shorten' param is allowed per request")
		return
	}

	shortenPostHandler(w, r)
}

func redirectHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	key := vars["key"]
	var storedURL *StoredURL
	if err := db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
		var err error
		storedURL, err = getURL(tx, []byte(key))
		return err
	}); err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		log.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "internal server error: %v", err)
		return
	}
	if storedURL == nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "url key not found in the database")
	}
	switch storedURL.State {
	case Present:
		w.Header().Set("Location", storedURL.RawURL)
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTemporaryRedirect)
	case Deleted:
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusGone)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "key has been deleted")
	default:
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		log.Printf("error: invalid storedURL.State (%v) for key '%v'\n", storedURL.State, storedURL.Key)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "internal server error: invalid storedURL.State (%v)", storedURL.State)
	}
}

func shortenPostHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rawurl := r.PostForm.Get("shorten")
	userURL, err := url.ParseRequestURI(rawurl)
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "invalid url (%v): %v", err, rawurl)
		return
	}
	if userURL.Scheme == "" {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "invalid url (unspecified scheme)", rawurl)
		return
	}
	if userURL.Host == "" {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "invalid url (unspecified host)", rawurl)
		return
	}

	var storedURL *StoredURL
	if err := db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
		u, err := shortenURL(tx, userURL)
		storedURL = u
		return err
	}); err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		log.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "internal server error: %v", err)
		return
	}

	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "URL saved at /%v", string(storedURL.Key))
}

// Retrieve a URL from the database
func getURL(tx *bolt.Tx, key []byte) (*StoredURL, error) {
	shortenBucket := tx.Bucket([]byte(BUCKET_SHORTEN))
	if shortenBucket == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bucket %v does not exist", BUCKET_SHORTEN)
	}
	storedBytes := shortenBucket.Get(key)
	if storedBytes == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	storedURL := &StoredURL{}
	err := gobmarsh.Unmarshal(storedBytes, storedURL)
	return storedURL, err
}

// Add a new URL to the database
//
// Returns the new ID if the url was successfully shortened
func shortenURL(tx *bolt.Tx, userURL *url.URL) (*StoredURL, error) {
	shortenBucket := tx.Bucket([]byte(BUCKET_SHORTEN))
	if shortenBucket == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bucket %v does not exist", BUCKET_SHORTEN)
	}

	// Generate a key until it is not in the database, this occurs in O(log N),
	// where N is the amount of keys stored in the url-shorten database.
	epoch := 0
	var urlKey []byte
	for {
		var err error
		urlKey, err = generateURLKey(epoch)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "url-key generation failed")
		}
		found := shortenBucket.Get(urlKey)
		if found == nil {
			break
		}
		epoch++
	}

	// Store the new key
	storedURL := StoredURL{
		State:       Present,
		RawURL:      userURL.String(),
		Key:         urlKey,
		TimeCreated: time.Now().UTC(),
	}
	storedBytes, err := gobmarsh.Marshal(storedURL)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "encoding for database failed")
	}
	if err := shortenBucket.Put(urlKey, storedBytes); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "database transaction failed")
	}
	return &storedURL, nil
}

func generateURLKey(epoch int) ([]byte, error) {
	urlKey := make([]byte, 4+epoch)
	_, err := rand.Read(urlKey)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Put all the values in the range 0..64 for easier base64-encoding
	for i := 0; i < len(urlKey); i++ {
		urlKey[i] &= 0x3F
	}
	// Implement truncate-resistance by forcing the prefix to
	//     0b111110xxxxxxxxxx
	//       ^----- {epoch} ones followed by a single 0
	//
	// Example when epoch is 1: prefix is 0b10.
	i := 0
	for i < epoch {
		// Set this bit to 1
		limb := i / 6
		bit := i % 6
		urlKey[limb] |= 1 << uint(5-bit)
		i++
	}
	// Finally set the next bit to 0
	limb := i / 6
	bit := i % 6
	urlKey[limb] &= ^(1 << uint(5-bit))

	// Convert this ID to a canonical base64 notation
	for i := range urlKey {
		urlKey[i] = base64Alphabet[urlKey[i]]
	}
	return urlKey, nil
}